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Manage Your Weight
FORM™ and FIXX™ Your Body, Your Life, Your Experience
 

Cutting Weight in Wrestling
by Steve Fraser
U.S. Olympic Gold Medalist

November 27, 2006

Wrestling is one of the greatest sports there is. I think most all wrestling people would agree. However, why is it that a lot of wrestlers and coaches feel wrestlers must lose weight to compete successfully? If there is one thing that gives wrestling a bad name it is the idea that wrestlers all starve themselves and lose weight to compete.

Wouldn’t wrestling be even a better sport if everyone just wrestled at their normal weight thus avoiding the drudgery of losing weight in the last days before they are about to compete? The fact is that the days and week prior to the competition is when a wrestler should be relaxing and recovering with light work-outs so as to get their mind and body feeling hungry and refreshed for the competition. Instead most wrestlers are still continuing to train hard, and on top of that, eat less, which makes for a tired mind and body.

The ironic thing is … most all wrestlers cut weight and end up wrestling the same people they would wrestle if everyone just wrestled their normal weight. This is a very strange thing about our sport.

Now, I am not suggesting that wrestlers shouldn’t lose a couple of pounds if they like. However, losing excessive weight, when your body fat percentage is already normal to low, is what I am considering a problem. It is my belief that to be a great wrestler one must learn the techniques, tactics and strategies of wrestling and then condition and strengthen ones mind and body so you can execute those techniques, tactics and strategies when needed. The weight advantage or disadvantage is of minimal importance, in my mind. I know a lot of people might argue this point.

That said, here is an article written by Janet Walberg-Rankin, Ph.D. highlighting some very important facts about weight loss in sport.

How Weight Loss Affects Performance

Janet Walberg-Rankin, Ph.D.
Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Blacksburg, Virginia

Your coach has made comments about your weight and suggests that your performance may improve if you lose a few pounds. Is he right? What should you do?

Before pushing your next meal aside, consider these points.

Genetics and Sport? Influences on Body Weight

It is important to realize that genetics influence your body weight and not everyone can attain a specific body weight, based on a textbook value of body fatness. It is possible, though never easy, to modify your activity and diet to change body weight to some degree. The decision whether to attempt to reduce body weight also depends on the sport. For example, although a reduction in body weight may help a long distance runner it may have less obvious benefit to the performance of a baseball pitcher.

Does Fat Loss Benefit Athletes?

A low body fat and/or weight can reduce the energy cost of moving your body. Just as strapping a backpack filled with rocks onto your back would accelerate fatigue; extra body fat can make any movement more difficult. Excess body fat also reduces the ability to dissipate heat. Thus, an overly fat athlete in football is more likely to overheat during a practice on a hot and humid day than is the leaner athlete doing the same workout. Some athletes are judged partly on their low body fat (e.g. dancers, gymnasts, bodybuilders) or compete in specified weight classes.

Athletes most likely to benefit from body fat loss are those involved in

  • Sports with significant running or jumping

  • Sports completed in hot/humid environments

  • Aesthetic sports

  • Weight-class sports

Is Body Fat Ever Helpful to Athletes?

Some body fat aids buoyancy for swimmers (but excess will cause resistance to forward movement in the water). Body fat can also cushion bones and organs for athletes involved in contact sports. Athletes who maximize body mass for greater momentum might benefit from extra body fat provided that they can generate the same speed and power with the extra weight. A difficult decision is defining the line between adequate and too much fat.

Determining Body Weight Goals

A goal body weight should be based on body weight history, sport and position, current body composition, and time remaining until competition. This decision should be made with advice from a person with the health of the athlete as primary concern (e.g. physician or nutritionist), with input from athletic trainers or possibly coaches and with an assessment of body composition. American College of Sports Medicine recommends that male athletes should be no lower than 5% and females no lower than 10-12% body fat. Note that these values are for adults; weight loss in teens should be attempted cautiously so as not to hurt growth and development. With the exception of an obese child, weight loss in the child-athlete should never occur. The athlete should consult with a professional such as an athletic trainer or dietitian regarding body weight goals and the decision whether or not to attempt weight reduction.

Once the decision has been made to lose weight, the athlete should be fully assessed (health, diet, and activity) and a plan should be developed to reach the goal. Relevant education and materials should be provided to the athlete with frequent follow up meetings to modify the plan as needed.

An acronym, GOADA, highlights the primary issues for healthy weight loss for athletes:

Gradual - Rapid weight loss is more likely to cause loss of muscle and bone tissue and carbohydrate fuel, and promote undesirable changes in hormones, metabolic rate, vigor and mood.

Off-Season - If possible, significant weight loss should occur during the off-season to avoid an energy drain that can compromise training and skill development during the competitive season.

Activity - Some athletes may be able to increase their calorie burning by adding aerobic conditioning.

Diet - For many, diet will be the focus of weight loss efforts. Research shows that adequate carbohydrate (6-8 g/kg), protein (1.5-2 g/kg), vitamins and minerals (at least 100% of RDA), and a low fat (15-25% of energy) diet of about 500-1000 kcal less than required for maintaining body weight is best for weight loss.

Avoid - Although tempting for rapid results, dehydration, fad diets, supplements, and drugs should never be used for weight loss. The Center for Disease Control has had reports of adverse health reactions and even death from the use of ephedrine, a supplement in many over the counter weight loss supplements. Dehydration reduces performance, increases risk of heat injury and has contributed to the death of athletes in weight class and endurance sports.

So, before acting on your coach's comments about your weight, get advice from other professionals to decide if you should lose weight. See your sports nutritionist or athletic trainer to have your body fat and healthy maximal weight estimated. Work with the nutritionist to develop an eating plan that reduces your energy intake modestly while you boost your daily activity. Weight loss can benefit the performance of some athletes but can have the opposite effect if used unwisely.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
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